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The Kahala as an `Aumakua?

Paulo Maurin, University of Hawai`i
In collaboration with Ellyn Tong, Hawai`i Audubon Society

Sometimes we perceive particular experiences in a certain way, only to have our initial view of those events evolve when we gain new insights. This way, we can discover that what we initially thought of to be negative experiences, after a reflective pause, can turn out to be entirely different. A few days ago, I had such experience, involving a kahala.

The kahala, or amberjack, is a fish of the jack family, which includes the ulua (giant trevally) species, which are not an uncommon sight in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The amberjack is a large predatory fish, which can grow to almost six feet in length. It is mostly silver, with a diagonal line that runs from both sides of the upper lip, seemingly through the eye and into running towards the dorsal fin on top. This line can become darker as the fish gets excited or agitated.

While snorkeling the outer reef area on the Northeast side of Kure Atoll, we had seen four species of jacks within a short time span – giant trevally, thicklipped trevally, the iridescent bluefin trevally, a black trevally and, finally the fifth jack appeared, an amberjack. To honor this variety of top-level predators, we called this site “Jackson Five.” It is a severe spur-and-groove reef, an area full of channels that rise from the deep and meet the outer perimeter of the atoll, with exposed rocks providing an outline. In between the grooves there are large, narrow rocky spurs with a varied geometry that would keep a diligent ocean mapper occupied for some time. These channels leading to the deeper parts of the ocean allow larger, pelagic animals to approach the atolls and its abundant life with ease.

After having seen the first of four species of jacks, the kahala made its appearance, measuring about four feet in length. It first closely checked out the first two snorklers, then coming to me for what at first seemed like another regular inspection of new, strange intruders within its territory. But it had a dark, well-defined line crossing its resolute eyes, a telltale sign of its agitated state. It quickly became clear that this was no ordinary inspection. The kahala started displaying a very aggressive behavior, repeatedly lunging at my fins and feet. I would try to scare it away with futile kicks that the fish, no matter how quick I was, managed to dodge with ease every time. If the situation at first appeared somewhat comic, the determination of an unexpected adversary quickly made me realize that there could be some danger to it – not life-threatening, but the fish was able to deliver an unwelcome bite. For three full minutes the fish kept circling me, launching quick attacks.

After it became apparent that this kahala was unlikely to be deterred by soft silicone fins, I called the nearby zodiac boat to come and, yes, I admit, rescue me from a fish that was not even a shark. Being rescued from an attacking shark requires no explanation and commands immediate awe upon any audience. Any other fish, no matter which kind, tends to require a bit of an explanation in order for the rescue to be justified to more incredulous listeners.

It soon became evident, however, that we were all indeed in need of rescue, not from the kahala itself but from a less visible but more numerous and menacing threat. Immediately after boarding the boat (an operation that took very little time, I may add), the idle zodiac drifted a few yards. It was then when we noticed that we were surrounded by sea jellies. Numbering in the hundreds, a swarm of harmless ctenophores and very painful box jellyfish dotted the surface, abundant as snowflakes during a winter storm.

Later that day during sunset I was reflecting upon that experience. I was fixated on seeing the kahalaas the threat of the day, not realizing that, without it, we would have swam to the boat instead of calling the boat towards us. We would have inevitably passed by this thick mass of jellies, a painful experience. I recalled then reading about two boys who were free diving far from the South Point of Big Island, Hawai`i. A very large shark appeared next to them, and realizing the danger, immediately started swimming back. They had to fight a very strong current that was pulling out to sea but, motivated by a trailing shark that never left their side, they reached the shore exhausted. When recounting the story to an elder, he told then it was the shark that took them out of the sea in time, before the current could have pulled them both. The kahala’s insistence prompted us to get out of the water, just in time to avoid massive encounters with sea jellies.

In Hawaiian culture, there is the belief that certain elements of nature can be channels for the Gods to manifest themselves. The belief of the `aumakua, personal or family gods, runs deep in these blessed lands. These gods can take the form of certain animals that are sacred to that person or family, and their presence is sought for festivity as well as times of crisis. Author Keone Nunes says that `aumakua can act as healers, counteracting troubles and punishing faults. The kahala itself was associated with the chiefs, with a Hawaiian proverb that says “it went straight to the mouth of the kahala,” meaning that something went straight to the chief (Titcomb). The powerful kahala certainly fits the royal part.

As if to set the right context for reflecting upon that day’s experience, the sunset that afternoon was something to behold - a very unique sunset which I might have seen only a couple of other times before in my life. A “sunbow” formed that afternoon, in a late sunset occurring close to three hours before midnight. A large arc of light formed around the sun, only whose ends, anchored at sea, were visible. I lack the meteorological knowledge to describe the physical process that makes this rare occurrence possible. But it was hard to deny that it was a special moment. As the sun was about to dip under the horizon its last ray of light was a single beam, omen-like, that projected straight up to the heavens. A magnificent end to a meaningful day.

Books cited:

Nunes, Keone (2003). Investigation of the Cultural Importance of
     Sharks to the Indigenous People of the U.S. Flag Areas in      Central and Western Pacific. Hawai`i Audubon Society.      Honolulu.

Titcomb, Margaret (1977). Hawaiian Uses of Fish. University of      Hawai`i Press: Honolulu.